Root Caries in Older Adults: Tooth Decay That Starts Below the Surface

As we age, our oral health needs change and one common issue many older adults face is root caries, also known as root decay. At Oyster Dental Care, we often see patients who maintain good brushing habits yet experience cavities near the gumline. Understanding why this happens and how to prevent it is key to maintaining a healthy smile at every age.

What Are Root Caries?

Root caries occur when the protective gum tissue recedes, exposing the root surface of the tooth. Unlike enamel, which is hard and mineralized, the root surface (cementum) is much softer, making it more vulnerable to decay once exposed to bacteria and acids.

Over time, plaque buildup in these areas can cause the root surface to soften, leading to cavities, sensitivity, and even tooth loss if left untreated.

What Causes Root Caries?

Several factors can increase your risk:

• Gum Recession: Often caused by brushing too hard, gum disease, or aging.

• Dry Mouth (Xerostomia): Reduced saliva flow means less natural protection against bacteria.

• Poor Oral Hygiene: Plaque and food debris at the gumline can attack exposed roots.

• High Sugar Diet: Frequent snacking or sipping sugary drinks fuels bacterial growth.

• Age: Older adults are more prone due to medication side effects and gum changes.

Why Older Adults Are More at Risk

Several age-related factors increase the likelihood of root caries:

• Gum recession from brushing habits or periodontal disease exposes

  tooth roots.

• Dry mouth (xerostomia) caused by certain medications or medical conditions reduces saliva, which normally helps neutralize acids.

• Dietary habits, especially frequent snacking or consuming sugary foods, promote bacterial growth.

• Limited dexterity can make brushing and flossing less effective.

• Existing dental work, such as bridges or crowns, can trap food particles and bacteria.

Symptoms to Watch Out For

Root decay can progress silently, especially at first. Some common warning signs include:

• Sensitivity to cold, sweet, or hot foods near the gumline

• Brown or dark spots along the roots of teeth

• Rough or soft areas felt with the tongue

• Gums that appear to be pulling away from teeth

If left untreated, root caries can lead to severe decay, infection, and even tooth loss.

Prevention and Care

The good news is that root caries are highly preventable with proper care and professional support:

• Use fluoride toothpaste or gels: Fluoride strengthens exposed root surfaces.

• Stay hydrated and address dry mouth: Drink water frequently and discuss saliva substitutes with your dentist if needed.

• Regular dental cleanings and checkups: Early detection makes treatment simpler and less invasive.

• Gentle brushing and flossing: Use a soft-bristled brush and clean carefully around the gumline.

• Limit sugary snacks and beverages: Especially between meals.

  
  

At Oyster Dental Care, we also offer fluoride varnish applications and customized preventive plans for older adults to help protect root surfaces and maintain long-term oral health.

When to See a Dentist

If you notice increased tooth sensitivity, gum recession, or dark patches near the gumline, it’s important to schedule an appointment. Early treatment can often reverse minor decay and prevent more complex procedures later on.

At Oyster Dental Care, we believe age should never come between you and your confidence to smile. Our gentle, preventive approach helps keep your teeth strong, healthy, and pain-free through every stage of life. Book your check-up today to protect your roots and preserve your smile’s foundation.